Solving Pipeline Questions Methods and Equations

While solving pipeline questions remember the following...

1) Given Stage delays and overhead

       Clock time = Max(Stage delay)+ Overhead

2)Number of instructions(n) and number of stages(k) are given

Number of Clocks =( k+ (n-1)   ) clocks

3) Percentage of brach instuctions and number of stalls  are given

   Time taken= 1+stall * number of stalls

4)Frequency = 1/Time period

5) Don't forget about  hazards and dependencies and operand forwarding techniques while solving pipeline questions

6) Efficiency of pipeline = speed up/ number of stages

7)In ideal condition Maximum speed up =number of stages

8)Remember Speed up is always greater than 1

9)Throughput = 1/Time

10) Highest stage delay then lowest clock frequency

11) Total Execution time= Number of instructions * CPI(Clocks per instructions) * cycle time

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